Somalia’s entry as the eighth member state of the East African Community (EAC) marks a significant milestone for the economic bloc. The decision, which will be finalized at the December summit, comes after constructive negotiations between the EAC and Somalia, hosted by the Kenyan government.
This expansion of the EAC across East Africa and the Great Lakes Region, following the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s membership in March last year, showcases the bloc’s ambition for growth and regional integration. Furthermore, the potential future memberships of Ethiopia and Djibouti could elevate the EAC’s population to over 800 million, profoundly impacting its internal market and increasing its competitiveness in attracting foreign direct investments.
While Somalia’s inclusion brings immense economic benefits to the region, such as reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers and integrating into infrastructure projects that enhance trade, it also presents critical questions about the bloc’s readiness to address Somalia’s security challenges. As outlined in Article 3 of the EAC Treaty, new members must adhere to principles of good governance, democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and social justice.
Somalia, with its long history of civil war and violent extremism, faces significant hurdles in meeting these criteria. Corruption allegations, inadequate human rights protection, and an unstable government further complicate Somalia’s democratic credentials. However, recent positive developments, including the establishment of a functional administration and progress in the fight against terrorism, offer hope for Somalia’s future.
The EAC must carefully consider the potential security implications of including Somalia, particularly in terms of insurgent movements, unregulated migration, and the smuggling of contraband and arms. The recent launch of national identity cards in Somalia presents an opportunity to enhance security measures and control economic crimes and terror financing.
Dr. Hassan Khannenje, a Horn of Africa expert, raises concerns about Somalia’s preparedness to fulfill its obligations to the community, especially regarding financial contributions. He also highlights the need for reconciliation talks between Somalia and Somaliland and the resolution of border conflicts to avoid diplomatic impasses within the EAC.
The EAC’s track record in managing security challenges, exemplified by the deployment of regional forces to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, demonstrates its capacity to support Somalia in its security efforts. The bloc’s proactive approach, through the appointment of dignitaries and grassroots dialogue, can assist the Somali Federal Government in engaging with various stakeholders and addressing conflict-related issues.
As the December summit approaches, the EAC must adopt measures that ensure the optimization of Somalia’s entry into the community. Foreseeing potential challenges and addressing them with foresight will be crucial to creating a prosperous future for East Africa.
In summary, Somalia’s inclusion in the EAC opens a new chapter filled with opportunities and challenges. The economic benefits, including access to the longest coastline in Africa, will contribute to regional trade and investment. However, the bloc must address security concerns and ensure that Somalia meets the necessary criteria for membership. By doing so, the EAC can harness the full potential of Somalia’s entry and cement its position as a leading force for regional integration in East Africa.
