FIFA has opened disciplinary cases against Argentina and Brazil on Friday.
This follows scenes of fan violence at the Maracanã Stadium, which delayed the kick-off of the World Cup qualifying game.
The Argentina Football Federation (AFA) has been charged with crowd disturbances.
FIFA added that the Brazilian federation was charged with failure to manage security at a game it organised.
Fights broke out among both sets of supporters after the national anthems.
The teams returned to the dressing rooms and the game eventually began 27 minutes late.
“There were families of the players [there]. We were more worried about that than playing the match,” Argentina captain Lionel Messi said.
Argentina won the game 1-0.
