The global biodiversity crisis is often portrayed in the media through the lens of large-scale ecological impacts, such as melting ice caps and habitat loss for iconic animals like orangutans and polar bears. However, the plight of smaller creatures, including reptiles, is often overlooked. With over 12,000 species, reptiles are more diverse than mammals, birds, and amphibians combined, playing crucial roles in ecosystems that are not widely recognized.
A recent study revealed that more than 20% of reptile species are facing decline and are at risk of extinction, similar to the percentage of threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians. Species like tortoises, crocodiles, chameleons, and vipers are particularly vulnerable, with habitat loss, climate change, and the pet trade contributing to their decline.
A team of herpetologists has conducted a comprehensive assessment of South Africa’s indigenous terrestrial reptiles, following strict protocols set by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Their findings show that while some species are faring better than previously thought, many threatened reptiles are not adequately protected in conservation areas, leading to their continued decline.
The sungazer lizard, highly sought after in the pet trade, and the geometric tortoise are just a few examples of species at risk due to habitat loss and lack of protection. However, the study also highlights that South Africa’s conservation efforts have been more successful than in other parts of the world, with active measures in place and a significant portion of land under protection.
Moving forward, the researchers emphasize the need for integrating reptile conservation into broader conservation planning efforts. Regular assessments and monitoring are essential to ensure the survival of South Africa’s unique reptile species in the face of increasing threats.
By shedding light on the often overlooked world of reptiles, this study underscores the importance of protecting all forms of biodiversity for a sustainable future.
Authors:
Krystal Tolley, Principal Scientist, South African National Biodiversity Institute
Graham Alexander, Professor of Herpetology, Environmental Physiology, Ecology, and Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand
