The CIA is facing significant challenges in recruiting foreign informants and spies, according to current and former intelligence officials. The agency’s struggles are attributed to the global proliferation of public surveillance systems and advances in facial recognition technology, making it increasingly difficult for operatives to avoid detection. CIA Deputy Director Michael Ellis acknowledged the issue, stating that while some traditional methods may still be effective, many need to be updated and refreshed to keep pace with modern security measures.

The agency’s past recruitment efforts have been hindered by setbacks, including the dismantling of a network of Chinese officials in the early 2000s. Beijing’s security forces reportedly imprisoned and executed up to two dozen CIA assets, dealing a significant blow to the agency’s operations. The COVID-19 pandemic has also disrupted the CIA’s ability to conduct face-to-face meetings with informants, further exacerbating the recruitment challenges. Moreover, the planned closure of 10 embassies and 17 consulates as part of budget cuts threatens to reduce the CIA’s global footprint.

In an effort to attract new recruits, the CIA has produced high-quality videos targeting Russian and Chinese audiences, which have been distributed via social media. While some Russians have responded to the ads, officials declined to provide specifics. However, the recruitment efforts have been met with skepticism and ridicule in both countries, with many creating parodies that highlight American problems. Chinese netizens, in particular, have had fun with the CIA’s recruitment ad, turning it into a convincing counter-message.

Domestically, the CIA’s recruitment of new agents has declined significantly since 2019, with a former official citing a double-digit percentage drop. A recent White House directive that led to the circulation of an unclassified list of new hires, including first names and initials, has also raised concerns about morale and security. The agency has faced criticism for its recruitment strategies, including a 2021 video featuring a “cisgender Millennial with generalized anxiety disorder.” Despite these challenges, CIA Deputy Director Ellis emphasized the agency’s commitment to building a merit-based organization, stating that the current leadership is focused on creating “the ultimate meritocracy at the CIA.”