The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has concluded that certain weight-loss and anti-diabetic medications, including Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus, may increase the risk of a serious eye condition known as non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). This condition can lead to sudden vision loss and is considered the second most common cause of optic nerve-related blindness after glaucoma. As a! result, the EMA is advising the producer of these medications, Novo Nordisk, to list NAION as a “very rare” side effect.
The EMA’s review, which was initiated in January 2025, analyzed data from clinical trials, post-marketing surveillance, and medical literature. The findings suggest that adults with type 2 diabetes who take semaglutide, the main component of these medications, have approximately twice the risk of developing NAION compared to those not on the medication. This “very rare” side effect classification indicates that the condition may affect up to 1 in 10,000 users. Patients experiencing sudden vision loss or rapidly worsening eyesight while on semaglutide are advised to seek immediate medical attention and discontinue use if NAION is diagnosed.
Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist used for managing type 2 diabetes and obesity. It functions by enhancing insulin secretion and promoting a feeling of fullness, thereby aiding in blood sugar control and weight management. While the medication has been shown to be effective in managing these conditions, recent studies have also raised concerns about its potential risks. For example, a recent study indicated that Ozempic and similar medications may increase the risk of kidney cancer. However, the drugs reportedly lower the risk of more than a dozen other cancers, suggesting that their overall benefit may still outweigh the hazards.
The EMA has previously investigated reports of suicidal thoughts associated with semaglutide use, though no definitive causal relationship was established. The agency’s recommendations will now be reviewed by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) before a final decision is adopted by the European Commission. Novo Nordisk has stated its commitment to patient safety and is working with the EMA to update product labels accordingly. As the company works to address these concerns, patients and healthcare providers will need to carefully weigh the potential benefits and risks of these medications.
