South African scientists, led by Professor Tulio de Oliveira, gained global recognition for their crucial role in detecting and monitoring new variants of SARS-CoV-2. Their success in genomic surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of investing in genomics to support disease control in public health across Africa. Genomic surveillance involves constantly monitoring pathogens by analyzing their genetic makeup through whole genome sequencing. This method enables scientists to understand the nature of diseases, develop vaccines, and implement effective treatments. Building genomics capacity in Africa would not only improve disease control but also prepare the continent for future epidemics.
The Importance of Genomics
Genomic surveillance involves the constant monitoring and analysis of pathogens by studying their genetic similarities and differences. By using whole genome sequencing, scientists can determine the whole genetic makeup of organisms and detect any changes in their genomes. This helps researchers establish how diseases form and develop strategies for diagnosing and treating them. Furthermore, genomic sequencing plays a crucial role in understanding how pathogens spread between people and developing vaccines to combat them. The advancement of genomic sequencing technology and computational analysis tools has greatly enhanced scientists’ ability to generate sequences rapidly and analyze data effectively.
Expanding Genomics Capacity
Experts believe that Africa should capitalize on its success in COVID-19 genomics to expand its genomic surveillance efforts to other pathogens and endemic diseases. By focusing on diseases such as influenza, H5N1, TB, and malaria, African scientists can improve their understanding and control of these diseases. Moreover, building genomics capacity is not only crucial for disease control but for preparedness against future pandemics. The ability to detect emerging pathogens quickly is essential for effective response and containment strategies. By investing in genomics research, Africa can stay ahead of the curve and develop a proactive approach to public health.
Building Capacity in Africa
Building genomics capacity in Africa involves establishing strong laboratories equipped with state-of-the-art technology. Training individuals in laboratory techniques and data analysis is crucial for effective genomic surveillance. Additionally, investments in bioinformatics, the field responsible for analyzing complex genomic data, are necessary to handle the increasing volume of data generated. African universities are taking the initiative to offer training programs in genomics and bioinformatics to address the skills gap. However, experts emphasize that the most important aspect of capacity building is human training. By investing in the next generation of scientists, Africa can ensure a sustainable and skilled workforce in genomics research.
Significant progress has already been made in expanding genomics capacity in Africa. Professor Tulio de Oliveira and his team have collaborated with the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) to scale up genomic surveillance on the continent. They have also helped establish large genomics facilities in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Botswana. The Africa CDC’s Pathogen Genomics Initiative has successfully built a continent-wide genomic disease surveillance network, enabling 31 African countries to conduct genomic sequencing for various diseases. With the right expertise, infrastructure, and support, Africa has the potential to become a leader in genomic surveillance.
Investing in genomics research has wide-ranging benefits, from disease control to rare disease diagnosis and cancer diagnostics. The tools and equipment are now available, and Africa has the expertise to leverage genomic sequencing for various applications. By building capacity and nurturing a skilled workforce, Africa can truly embrace the genome era and improve public health outcomes for its population.
