142 years after its discovery, Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a pressing global health issue. In 2022 alone, 1.3 million people lost their lives to TB, with a significant number of deaths occurring in Africa, particularly in South Africa. Shockingly, one life was lost to TB every 10 minutes in South Africa during that year. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for TB, is the leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide and a concerning example of antimicrobial drug resistance.

Despite advancements in TB treatment, the goal of eradicating the disease by 2030 is at risk due to various challenges such as weak health systems, inadequate funding, co-morbidities like HIV, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. In 2022, over 400,000 people developed multi-drug resistant TB, resulting in 160,000 deaths. While new drugs exist for treating drug-resistant TB, the treatment duration is longer, and side effects may be more severe.

African countries, despite bearing a significant TB burden, contribute less than 1% of global scientific output, hindering efforts to address health challenges effectively. The continent heavily relies on imported drugs and vaccines, making it vulnerable to global supply chain disruptions. To strengthen health systems and reduce dependency, investing in local drug research and development (R&D) infrastructure is crucial.

By establishing world-class research centers, enhancing academic capabilities, training skilled scientists, and creating efficient drug supply chains, African countries can develop affordable and accessible treatments for TB. However, current investment in health research in Africa remains low, with most countries falling short of committing at least 1% of GDP to R&D.

Despite these challenges, African countries are making progress in combating TB, with the region recording a 4% annual decline in TB cases by 2023. To achieve the 2030 End TB Strategy targets, accelerated efforts are needed. Initiatives like the Holistic Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D) and the Grand Challenges African Drug Discovery Accelerator (GC ADDA) network are pivotal in advancing TB drug discovery in Africa.

By supporting local drug discovery efforts and fostering partnerships for global collaboration, African countries can reduce reliance on external pharmaceutical innovations and become leaders in drug research tailored to their needs. Governments, research institutions, health professionals, and communities all have a role to play in ending TB in Africa through sustained investment in African-led drug discovery.

The time is ripe for African countries to prioritize locally-driven drug discovery initiatives and work collectively towards eradicating TB from the continent. Together, we can achieve this critical goal and ensure a healthier future for all Africans.