The United States has released its 2025 National Security Strategy, outlining a significant shift in foreign policy under President Donald Trump’s second administration. The 33-page document prioritizes an “America First” approach, focusing on protecting core national interests, including homeland security, economic prosperity, and regional dominance in the Western Hemisphere.

The strategy marks a departure from previous policies, embracing a more pragmatic and transactional approach to international relations. It critiques past US overreach, positioning Trump’s approach as a “necessary correction” to usher in a “new golden age.” The document prioritizes reindustrialization, border security, and dealmaking over multilateralism or democracy promotion.

A key aspect of the strategy is its approach to China, downgrading the country from a “pacing threat” to an “economic competitor.” The document also calls for selective engagement with adversaries and accepts a multipolar world. The US will prioritize regional partnerships in Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, with a focus on economic renewal and homeland defense.

The strategy has sparked significant debate, particularly in Europe, where leaders have criticized the US for shifting the burden of responsibility for Ukraine’s security to European allies. The document states that European countries enjoy a significant hard power advantage over Russia and should take a more prominent role in managing relations with Moscow.

Analysts have praised the strategy’s pragmatism but flagged potential short-sightedness, predicting a “lonelier, weaker” US. China has viewed reassurances on sovereignty positively but remains wary of economic pressures. Democrats in the US have deemed the strategy “catastrophic” for alliances, including NATO.

The release of the 2025 National Security Strategy signals a significant pivot in US foreign policy, with a focus on inward investment and a more nuanced approach to international relations. As the US seeks to assert its influence in a multipolar world, the success of this strategy will depend on its ability to balance competing interests and prioritize core national interests. The international community will be closely watching the implementation of this strategy and its impact on global relations.