The situation in Goma, a key city in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, remains dire nearly a year after it was seized by Rwanda-backed M23 fighters. The takeover, which occurred in late January last year, was marked by intense fighting that resulted in significant loss of life and widespread displacement. Since then, the city has been characterized by a pervasive sense of insecurity, with armed patrols and new security controls becoming a part of daily life.
The M23’s control has led to forced transfers of civilians from surrounding areas, as well as military operations targeting groups deemed hostile by the rebel group. This has created an atmosphere of fear, disrupting normal life and straining already limited services. Residents and human rights groups have reported numerous instances of human rights abuses, further exacerbating the humanitarian crisis.
The Congolese government has accused Rwanda of backing the M23, a claim that Kigali denies. According to DRC government spokesperson Patrick Muyaya, the situation in Goma is tantamount to “governance by crime,” with Rwanda attempting to export a model that stifles freedoms. Muyaya also criticized Rwanda’s president for undermining peace efforts, citing his absence from key talks in Luanda last December.
In contrast, the M23 claims it is fighting for reforms, better governance, and the full implementation of past peace agreements. Corneille Nangaa, coordinator of the AFC-M23 alliance, stated that the movement’s struggle is aimed at transforming the DRC after decades of failure. However, the conflict has triggered mass displacement, with tens of thousands fleeing Goma before and after its capture, and hundreds of thousands more displaced across the region.
The international community has been engaged in diplomatic efforts to restore peace, but these efforts have so far been unsuccessful. The situation in Goma and the surrounding region remains a major concern, with the humanitarian crisis showing no signs of abating. As the conflict continues, it is essential that all parties involved work towards a peaceful resolution, prioritizing the protection of civilians and the restoration of stability in the region. The situation in Goma serves as a reminder of the need for sustained international attention and support to address the complex challenges facing the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
