Nigeria’s Structural Engineers Warn of Earthquake Vulnerability
The Nigerian Institution of Structural Engineers has raised alarms about the country’s vulnerability to earthquake damage, identifying major urban centres including Lagos, Ibadan, Abeokuta, and Benin City as potentially at risk.
Former institution president Olushola Sanni issued the warning, highlighting that a significant proportion of buildings across Nigeria have been constructed without adequate engineering oversight or consideration for seismic forces. He cited recent international incidents to demonstrate how earthquake vibrations can travel hundreds of kilometres, causing damage and widespread panic even in areas distant from epicentres.
Whilst Nigeria is generally classified as a low seismic-risk zone, Sanni emphasised that the nation is not entirely immune to earth tremors. He cautioned that the absence of major earthquakes in recent years should not breed complacency, noting that most structures in the country are not designed to withstand seismic activity, thereby exposing residents to potential danger.
To address this critical gap, Sanni revealed that the institution plans to introduce new guidelines for earthquake-resistant building design in Lagos on April 16, 2026. The framework aims to align Nigeria’s construction practices with international safety standards.
“Earthquakes do not recognise geographical boundaries, and distance from the source does not guarantee protection,” Sanni stated. “The lack of recent seismic events should not give a false sense of security.”
The structural engineer pointed out that neighbouring Ghana has experienced several earthquakes, particularly around Accra, stressing that geological formations along the West African coastline cross national borders. This suggests that seismic energy from that region could extend into parts of southwestern Nigeria. Sanni further warned that cities situated on soft soil formations, including Lagos, Ibadan, Abeokuta, and Benin City, could experience intensified ground shaking if seismic waves reach them.
He called for the immediate adoption of earthquake-resistant construction practices, urging stakeholders to prioritise structural safety in building design. According to Sanni, the proposed guidelines will provide simplified procedures for engineers whilst promoting international best practices. He emphasised that safer structures should incorporate balanced designs, strong structural connections, and adequate reinforcement detailing.
The structural engineers’ warning comes as Nigeria continues to experience rapid urbanisation, with construction booms in major cities often proceeding without adequate safety considerations. The proposed guidelines represent a crucial step towards protecting Nigeria’s growing urban population from potential seismic hazards.
