Dr. Oyetola Samuel Omomurewa, Medical Director of Genius Touch Health Care Group, discusses bacterial vaginosis (BV) in an interview with Opeyemi Adefemi. BV is a common bacterial infection among women of child‑bearing age, caused by an imbalance between beneficial and harmful bacteria in the vagina. While bacteria are present throughout the body and some are essential, a disruption in the normal vaginal flora can lead to BV.
BV primarily affects women of reproductive age and is more prevalent in those with multiple sexual partners or who change partners frequently. Although BV is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection, it can be transmitted through sexual activity, especially if a partner introduces bacteria that alter the vaginal pH.
Multiple bacterial species are involved in BV, so laboratory testing is essential to identify the specific pathogens and guide treatment. Common culprits include *Staphylococcus aureus* and *E. coli*, while *Lactobacillus* normally protects against these harmful bacteria. A reduction in *Lactobacillus* allows pathogenic bacteria to proliferate.
Typical symptoms of BV are vaginal itching, a characteristic odor, and abnormal discharge. Painful urination and discomfort during intercourse may also occur, but these signs overlap with other sexually transmitted infections, underscoring the need for professional diagnosis.
If left untreated, BV can lead to serious complications. It may cause pelvic inflammatory disease, block the fallopian tubes, and reduce the success of assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF. In pregnant women, BV increases the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, and cerebral palsy in the infant.
Pregnant women can be treated safely with appropriate antibiotics after a risk assessment by their physician. While BV itself is not sexually transmitted, it raises susceptibility to infections like chlamydia.
Risk factors for BV include certain hygiene practices. Douching, washing the vagina with alkaline soaps, and using strong detergents on underwear can disrupt vaginal pH and diminish protective bacteria. Women should cleanse only with water, avoid vaginal “sweeteners,” and wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent bacterial transfer from the anus.
Recurrence is common when underlying habits persist after treatment or when inappropriate antibiotics are used. Although *Gardnerella vaginalis* is the most frequent cause, confirming the exact pathogen through laboratory testing ensures effective therapy and reduces antibiotic resistance.
Treatment generally involves targeted antibiotics, but in some cases the normal vaginal flora can restore balance without medication. A permanent cure is possible if the infection is properly treated and preventive habits are maintained. There is no scientific evidence linking low‑quality sanitary pads to BV, though individual sensitivities to pad materials may occur.
After treatment, women can continue using their existing underwear if it is washed thoroughly with mild soap, dried in the sun, or ironed to eliminate fungi. Cotton underwear is recommended for its breathability.
Common misconceptions include the belief that BV originates from the toilet, that over‑the‑counter drugs can permanently cure it, or that absence of symptoms means the infection is absent. BV is treatable; a medical evaluation and prescribed medication are essential.
Diet can aid in maintaining vaginal pH. Unsweetened fermented yogurt, citrus fruits (oranges, lemons), and probiotic‑rich foods such as garlic (in moderation) may help balance the vaginal environment, but should not be consumed excessively.
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