Medical experts have warned Nigerians to exercise caution when using air fresheners, emphasizing that inhaling these products can lead to serious health problems such as cancer, migraine headaches, and respiratory issues. They also noted that exposure can trigger asthma attacks and exacerbate existing conditions, among other complications.
The experts explained that many people are unaware of the harmful chemicals used in air freshener production. Substances such as limonene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and toluene have been linked to cancer, heart disease, and lung disease. Public health professionals describe these fragrances as akin to “second‑hand smoke,” highlighting their potential danger.
In an interview with HealthWise, Professor Tanimola Akande, a public health specialist, and Dr. Laolu Adetoye, a public health expert at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, discussed the toxicity of these chemicals. Dr. Adetoye warned that excessive exposure to air freshener fragrances can cause cancer, birth defects, allergies, and damage to both the central and peripheral nervous systems. He cited toluene as particularly problematic, noting its association with a wide range of health issues—from headaches, irritability, and brain fog to severe outcomes such as memory loss, sensory impairment, and even death at high exposure levels.
Fragrances can also weaken the immune system, making individuals more vulnerable to serious illnesses. Research on the immune effects of respiratory exposure to fragrance chemicals indicates that compounds like isoeugenol and cinnamal act as irritants and can induce cell proliferation, further compromising immune defenses.
Professor Akande stressed the need for clearer labeling on air freshener products, pointing out that many users are unaware of the associated health hazards. “Very few people in Nigeria know the risks,” he said, adding that containers rarely provide information on side effects. He concluded that air fresheners contribute to indoor air pollution, and, depending on the level of exposure, their chemicals can cause significant health problems.
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