A recent report by the UN Human Rights Office, published on September 5, finds that all parties involved in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo’s North and South Kivu provinces have committed serious violations of international humanitarian law, potentially amounting to war crimes and crimes against humanity. The Fact‑Finding Mission documents gross human‑rights abuses by the M23 rebel group—supported by the Rwandan Armed Forces—as well as by the Congolese Armed Forces and affiliated armed groups since late 2024.
The report highlights a shocking degree of impunity, citing summary executions, torture, arbitrary detention, enforced disappearances, and forced recruitment. The M23 has pursued a campaign of intimidation and violent repression, targeting anyone perceived as opposing the group. Widespread sexual violence is also documented, primarily in the form of gang rape, alongside other abuses such as sexual slavery, with women and girls disproportionately affected.
Children have borne a heavy burden: hundreds are detained, and many young males have been forcibly recruited. The UN notes a failure by all parties to protect civilians during hostilities, especially during M23’s and the Rwandan Defence Forces’ takeover of Goma in late January.
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk described the atrocities as “horrific” and called for prompt, independent investigations to ensure accountability and to uphold victims’ rights to truth, justice and reparations.
Compounding the crisis, an Ebola outbreak in Kasai Province has produced 28 suspected cases and 15 deaths, including four health workers. The World Health Organization and local health officials are working to contain the disease.
Overall, the UN report underscores the gravity and breadth of violations committed by all sides, emphasizing the urgent need for action to protect civilians and hold perpetrators accountable.
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