Nigeria’s nutrition challenges have come under scrutiny, with the federal government highlighting the country’s “triple burden” of malnutrition. According to the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Daju Kachollom, this burden comprises undernutrition, overnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies, also known as “hidden hunger.” Kachollom, represented by Ladidi Bako-Aiyegbusi, Director of Nutrition at the ministry, emphasized that micronutrient deficiencies can impair cognitive development, reduce productivity, and increase maternal and child mortality.
The 2024 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) reveals that stunting affects 40% of children aged 6-59 months, with wasting at 8% and underweight at 27%. Furthermore, the 2021 National Food Consumption and Micronutrient Survey found that 79% of Nigerians are food insecure. Among children in the same age group, one in three is vitamin A deficient, over one-third are zinc deficient, and more than 20% suffer from iron deficiency. Adolescent girls and pregnant women also face high levels of vitamin A and iron deficiency, threatening maternal and newborn health.
Large-Scale Food Fortification (LSFF) has been identified as a key public health tool to tackle micronutrient deficiencies. Nigeria has made progress in this area, achieving 95% salt iodisation and commendable fortification of wheat flour, sugar, and vegetable oil. However, compliance among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) remains inconsistent due to weak enforcement, low awareness, and limited access to affordable premixes.
Experts emphasize the need for a multi-stakeholder approach to address the fortification gap. This includes tightening regulations, supporting local premix production, and adopting technology to monitor compliance. Private sector players are urged to invest in domestic production, while civil society and development partners provide technical support and advocacy. Vivianne Ihekweazu, managing director of Nigeria Health Watch, stressed the importance of stronger local solutions, including scaling up domestic premix production and tightening fortification enforcement.
The Nigerian government’s efforts to address malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are crucial to improving public health, lowering healthcare costs, and boosting productivity. With sound policies in place, the focus now shifts to implementation and collaboration among stakeholders to bridge the gap between nutrition targets and on-the-ground outcomes. By working together, Nigeria can strengthen its fortification ecosystem and make significant strides in addressing the country’s nutrition challenges.
