One year has passed since the M23 armed group seized control of Goma, the provincial capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo’s North Kivu province. The city’s residents are still reeling from the aftermath of the takeover, which was marked by intense clashes and a significant humanitarian crisis. According to government spokesman Patrick Muyaya, the M23’s control has resulted in “constant oppression” for the city’s inhabitants.
In January last year, hundreds of Rwandan soldiers crossed the border to support the M23 in its offensive, leading to the displacement of thousands of people and the deaths of many more. Janvier Kamundu, a resident of Goma, recalled the day his wife was hit by a stray bullet while they were sheltering at home. Neighbors helped transport her to the hospital, where she received life-saving treatment. However, medical facilities were overwhelmed with the wounded, and bodies piled up in morgues.
The M23’s capture of Goma led to a period of “oppressive quiet,” with the streets emptying out at nightfall and a sense of fear pervading the city. The group began to systematically cordon off neighborhoods in search of criminals, detaining hundreds of men and imposing a form of rough justice. Those deemed suspicious were arrested, with some being held at the city’s sports stadium, which was converted into an open-air prison.
Despite the initial chaos, the M23 has attempted to establish a semblance of order in the city. The group has appointed magistrates and imposed taxes to finance its war effort. However, observers have raised concerns about the lack of impartiality in the justice system, and the use of torture and summary executions has been reported.
The humanitarian situation in Goma remains dire, with many residents struggling to access basic necessities like food and healthcare. The city’s economy has been severely impacted, with trade between Goma and government-controlled areas dwindling. Civil servants have been particularly affected, with many losing their jobs or being forced to undergo “ideological training” provided by the M23.
As the situation in Goma continues to unfold, the international community is calling for a peaceful resolution to the conflict. Despite parallel peace efforts backed by the United States and Qatar, the M23 launched a new offensive on the strategic town of Uvira in December. The government has accused Rwanda of supporting the M23, which has declared its aim of overthrowing the government and ending corruption. As the people of Goma wait for a resolution, they are forced to adapt to their new reality, with many wondering how long the situation will last.
